William Rowan Hamilton

William Rowan Hamilton was an Irish mathematician, astronomer, and physicist who was born on August 3/4, 1805, in Dublin, Ireland, and died on September 2, 1865, in the same city[3][4]. He is known for his contributions to mathematics, including the development of quaternions, a system of hypercomplex numbers that extends the complex numbers[1][2][4]. Hamilton was also an accomplished astronomer and physicist, and he made significant contributions to optics, dynamics, and algebra[1][3][4].

Early Life and Education
– Hamilton’s father, Archibald Hamilton, was a solicitor, and his mother, Sarah (née Hutton), came from a well-known family of coachbuilders in Dublin[2].
– Before his third birthday, William was sent to live with his uncle, James Hamilton, who was a clergyman of the Church of Ireland and curate of Trim, County Meath. Being in charge of the diocesan school there, James was responsible for his young nephew’s education[2].
– Hamilton entered Trinity College, Dublin, in 1823. He excelled as an undergraduate not only in mathematics and physics but also in classics, while he continued with his own mathematical investigations[3].

Career and Contributions
– A substantial paper of his on optics was accepted for publication by the Royal Irish Academy in 1827. In the same year, while still an undergraduate, Hamilton was appointed professor of astronomy at Trinity College and Royal Astronomer of Ireland[3].
– Hamilton is world-renowned for his work in dynamics. He clearly saw structural similarities between the laws governing light waves and particle motion, thus conceptually unifying two apparently very different phenomena. This great insight was an essential component of Schrödinger’s formulation of quantum mechanics, the underlying description of fundamental physics[4].
– Hamilton stunned the world by inventing Quaternions on 16th October 1843. This opened the door to new non-commuting structures in mathematics, such as groups and rings[4].
– Hamilton was deeply interested in literature and metaphysics, and he wrote poetry throughout his life. While touring England in 1827, he visited William Wordsworth. A friendship was immediately established, and they corresponded often thereafter. Hamilton also admired the poetry and metaphysical writings of Samuel Taylor Coleridge, whom he visited in 1832. Hamilton and Coleridge were both heavily influenced by the philosophical writings[3].